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Original Research
Calorie Restriction and Matched Weight Loss From Exercise: Independent and Additive Effects on Glucoregulation and the Incretin System in Overweight Women and Men
Edward P. Weiss, Stewart G. Albert, Dominic N. Reeds, Kathleen S. Kress, Uthayashanker R. Ezekiel, Jennifer L. McDaniel, Bruce W. Patterson, Samuel Klein, Dennis T. Villareal
Diabetes Care 2015 Apr; dc142913. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2913
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE It is not known whether calorie restriction (CR) has additive benefits to those from exercise (EX)-induced weight loss. We hypothesized that weight loss from CR and EX (CREX) improves insulin sensitivity more than matched weight loss induced by EX or CR alone, and that the incretin system may be involved in adaptations to CR.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sedentary, overweight men and women (n = 52, 45–65 years of age) were randomized to undergo 6–8% weight loss by using CR, EX, or CREX. Glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, and incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]) were measured during frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests (FSOGTTs). Incretin effects on insulin secretion were measured by comparing insulin secretion rates from the FSOGTTs to those from a glycemia-matched glucose infusion.

RESULTS Despite similar weight losses in all groups, insulin sensitivity index values increased twofold more in the CREX group (2.09 ± 0.35 μmol/L/kg/pmol/L × 100) than in the CR (0.89 ± 0.39 μmol/L/kg/pmol/L × 100) and EX (1.04 ± 0.39 μmol/L/kg/pmol/L × 100) groups. Postprandial GLP-1 concentrations decreased only in the CR group (P = 0.04); GIP concentrations decreased in all groups. Incretin effects on insulin secretion were unchanged.

CONCLUSION CR and EX have additive beneficial effects on glucoregulation. Furthermore, the adaptations to CR may involve reductions in postprandial GLP-1 concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of promoting both CR and EX for optimal health. However, because data from participants who withdrew from the study and from those who did not adhere to the intervention were excluded, the results may be limited to individuals who are capable of adhering to a healthy lifestyle intervention.

  • Received December 8, 2014.
  • Accepted March 25, 2015.
  • © 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
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Calorie Restriction and Matched Weight Loss From Exercise: Independent and Additive Effects on Glucoregulation and the Incretin System in Overweight Women and Men
Edward P. Weiss, Stewart G. Albert, Dominic N. Reeds, Kathleen S. Kress, Uthayashanker R. Ezekiel, Jennifer L. McDaniel, Bruce W. Patterson, Samuel Klein, Dennis T. Villareal
Diabetes Care Apr 2015, dc142913; DOI: 10.2337/dc14-2913

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Calorie Restriction and Matched Weight Loss From Exercise: Independent and Additive Effects on Glucoregulation and the Incretin System in Overweight Women and Men
Edward P. Weiss, Stewart G. Albert, Dominic N. Reeds, Kathleen S. Kress, Uthayashanker R. Ezekiel, Jennifer L. McDaniel, Bruce W. Patterson, Samuel Klein, Dennis T. Villareal
Diabetes Care Apr 2015, dc142913; DOI: 10.2337/dc14-2913
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© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care Print ISSN: 0149-5992, Online ISSN: 1935-5548.