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Original Research
Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Reduces Glycemic Response to a High–Glycemic Index Meal in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Lutgarda Bozzetto, Antonio Alderisio, Marisa Giorgini, Francesca Barone, Angela Giacco, Gabriele Riccardi, Angela A. Rivellese, Giovanni Annuzzi
Diabetes Care 2016 Feb; dc152189. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-2189
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether fat quality, in the context of meals with high– (HGI) or low–glycemic index (LGI), influences postprandial blood glucose (PPG) response in patients with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS According to a randomized crossover design, 13 patients with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump consumed two series (HGI or LGI) of meals with the same carbohydrate quantity while differing for amount and quality of fat: 1) low in fat (“low-fat”), 2) high in saturated fat (butter), or 3) high in monounsaturated fat (extravirgin olive oil) (EVOO). Premeal insulin doses were based on insulin–to–glycemic load ratios. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed and 6-h PPG evaluated.

RESULTS PPG was significantly different between HGI and LGI meals (P = 0.005 for time × glycemic index interaction by repeated-measures analysis [RMA]), being significantly higher during the first 3 h after the HGI meals with a later tendency to an opposite pattern. In the context of HGI meals, PPG was significantly lower after EVOO than after low-fat or butter (P < 0.0001 for time × meal interaction by RMA), with a marked difference in the 0- to 3-h glucose incremental area under the curve between EVOO (mean ± SD 198 ± 273 mmol/L × 180 min) and either low-fat (416 ± 329) or butter (398 ± 355) (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in PPG between the three LGI meals.

CONCLUSIONS Carbohydrate quality of a mixed meal influences shape and extent of PPG. Besides, using EVOO in an HGI meal attenuates the early postprandial glucose response observed when this meal is consumed with either low-fat or butter. Therefore, an optimal prandial insulin administration would require considering, in addition to the quantity of carbohydrates, the quality of both carbohydrate and fat.

  • Received October 6, 2015.
  • Accepted January 12, 2016.
  • © 2016 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.
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Diabetes Care: 44 (4)

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April 2021
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Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Reduces Glycemic Response to a High–Glycemic Index Meal in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Lutgarda Bozzetto, Antonio Alderisio, Marisa Giorgini, Francesca Barone, Angela Giacco, Gabriele Riccardi, Angela A. Rivellese, Giovanni Annuzzi
Diabetes Care Feb 2016, dc152189; DOI: 10.2337/dc15-2189

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Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Reduces Glycemic Response to a High–Glycemic Index Meal in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Lutgarda Bozzetto, Antonio Alderisio, Marisa Giorgini, Francesca Barone, Angela Giacco, Gabriele Riccardi, Angela A. Rivellese, Giovanni Annuzzi
Diabetes Care Feb 2016, dc152189; DOI: 10.2337/dc15-2189
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© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care Print ISSN: 0149-5992, Online ISSN: 1935-5548.