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Original Research
Trends in Drug Utilization, Glycemic Control, and Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia, 2006–2013
Kasia J. Lipska, Xiaoxi Yao, Jeph Herrin, Rozalina G. McCoy, Joseph S. Ross, Michael A. Steinman, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Thomas M. Gill, Harlan M. Krumholz, Nilay D. Shah
Diabetes Care 2016 Sep; dc160985. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0985
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE To examine temporal trends in utilization of glucose-lowering medications, glycemic control, and rate of severe hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using claims data from 1.66 million privately insured and Medicare Advantage patients with T2DM from 2006 to 2013, we estimated the annual 1) age- and sex-standardized proportion of patients who filled each class of agents; 2) age-, sex-, race-, and region-standardized proportion with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) <6%, 6 to <7%, 7 to <8%, 8 to <9%, ≥9%; and 3) age- and sex-standardized rate of severe hypoglycemia among those using medications. Proportions were calculated overall and stratified by age-group (18–44, 45–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years) and number of chronic comorbidities (zero, one, and two or more).

RESULTS From 2006 to 2013, use increased for metformin (from 47.6 to 53.5%), DPP-4 inhibitors (0.5 to 14.9%), and insulin (17.1 to 23.0%) but declined for sulfonylureas (38.8 to 30.8%) and thiazolidinediones (28.5 to 5.6%; all P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with HbA1c <7% declined (from 56.4 to 54.2%; P < 0.001) and with HbA1c ≥9% increased (9.9 to 12.2%; P < 0.001). Glycemic control varied by age and was poor among 23.3% of the youngest and 6.3% of the oldest patients in 2013. The overall rate of severe hypoglycemia remained the same (1.3 per 100 person-years; P = 0.72), declined modestly among the oldest patients (from 2.9 to 2.3; P < 0.001), and remained high among those with two or more comorbidities (3.2 to 3.5; P = 0.36).

CONCLUSIONS During the recent 8-year period, the use of glucose-lowering drugs has changed dramatically among patients with T2DM. Overall glycemic control has not improved and remains poor among nearly a quarter of the youngest patients. The overall rate of severe hypoglycemia remains largely unchanged.

  • Received May 5, 2016.
  • Accepted August 31, 2016.
  • © 2016 by the American Diabetes Association.
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Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. More information is available at http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license.

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Trends in Drug Utilization, Glycemic Control, and Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia, 2006–2013
Kasia J. Lipska, Xiaoxi Yao, Jeph Herrin, Rozalina G. McCoy, Joseph S. Ross, Michael A. Steinman, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Thomas M. Gill, Harlan M. Krumholz, Nilay D. Shah
Diabetes Care Sep 2016, dc160985; DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0985

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Trends in Drug Utilization, Glycemic Control, and Rates of Severe Hypoglycemia, 2006–2013
Kasia J. Lipska, Xiaoxi Yao, Jeph Herrin, Rozalina G. McCoy, Joseph S. Ross, Michael A. Steinman, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Thomas M. Gill, Harlan M. Krumholz, Nilay D. Shah
Diabetes Care Sep 2016, dc160985; DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0985
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