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Original Research
Personalized Diabetes Management Using Electronic Medical Records
Dimitris Bertsimas, Nathan Kallus, Alexander M. Weinstein, Ying Daisy Zhuo
Diabetes Care 2016 Dec; dc160826. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0826
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE Current clinical guidelines for managing type 2 diabetes do not differentiate based on patient-specific factors. We present a data-driven algorithm for personalized diabetes management that improves health outcomes relative to the standard of care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We modeled outcomes under 13 pharmacological therapies based on electronic medical records from 1999 to 2014 for 10,806 patients with type 2 diabetes from Boston Medical Center. For each patient visit, we analyzed the range of outcomes under alternative care using a k-nearest neighbor approach. The neighbors were chosen to maximize similarity on individual patient characteristics and medical history that were most predictive of health outcomes. The recommendation algorithm prescribes the regimen with best predicted outcome if the expected improvement from switching regimens exceeds a threshold. We evaluated the effect of recommendations on matched patient outcomes from unseen data.

RESULTS Among the 48,140 patient visits in the test set, the algorithm’s recommendation mirrored the observed standard of care in 68.2% of visits. For patient visits in which the algorithmic recommendation differed from the standard of care, the mean posttreatment glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) under the algorithm was lower than standard of care by 0.44 ± 0.03% (4.8 ± 0.3 mmol/mol) (P < 0.001), from 8.37% under the standard of care to 7.93% under our algorithm (68.0 to 63.2 mmol/mol).

CONCLUSIONS A personalized approach to diabetes management yielded substantial improvements in HbA1c outcomes relative to the standard of care. Our prototyped dashboard visualizing the recommendation algorithm can be used by providers to inform diabetes care and improve outcomes.

Footnotes

  • N.K. is currently affiliated with the School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY and Cornell Tech, New York, NY.

  • This article contains Supplementary Data online at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc16-0826/-/DC1.

  • Received April 15, 2016.
  • Accepted November 6, 2016.
  • © 2016 by the American Diabetes Association.
http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. More information is available at http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license.

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Personalized Diabetes Management Using Electronic Medical Records
Dimitris Bertsimas, Nathan Kallus, Alexander M. Weinstein, Ying Daisy Zhuo
Diabetes Care Dec 2016, dc160826; DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0826

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Personalized Diabetes Management Using Electronic Medical Records
Dimitris Bertsimas, Nathan Kallus, Alexander M. Weinstein, Ying Daisy Zhuo
Diabetes Care Dec 2016, dc160826; DOI: 10.2337/dc16-0826
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© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care Print ISSN: 0149-5992, Online ISSN: 1935-5548.