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Original Research
Eye Care Utilization Among Insured People With Diabetes, U.S. 2010–2014
Stephen R. Benoit, Bonnielin Swenor, Linda S. Geiss, Edward W. Gregg, Jinan B. Saaddine
Diabetes Care 2019 Jan; dc180828. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc18-0828
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness among working-age adults, and although screening with eye exams is effective, screening rates are low. We evaluated eye exam visits over a 5-year period in a large population of insured patients 10–64 years of age with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We used claims data from IBM Watson Health to identify patients with diabetes and continuous insurance coverage from 2010 to 2014. Diabetes and DR were defined using ICD-9 Clinical Modification codes. We calculated eye exam visit frequency by diabetes type over a 5-year period and estimated period prevalence and cumulative incidence of DR among those receiving an eye exam.

RESULTS Among the 298,383 insured patients with type 2 and no diagnosed DR, almost half had no eye exam visits over the 5-year period and only 15.3% met the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for annual or biennial eye exams. For the 2,949 patients with type 1 diabetes, one-third had no eye exam visits and 26.3% met ADA recommendations. The 5-year period prevalence and cumulative incidence of DR was 24.4% and 15.8% for patients with type 2 diabetes, respectively, and 54.0% and 33.4% for patients with type 1 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS The frequency of eye exams was alarmingly low, adding to the abundant literature that systemic changes in health care may be needed to detect and prevent vision-threatening eye disease among people with diabetes.

Footnotes

  • This article contains Supplementary Data online at http://care.diabetesjournals.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.2337/dc18-0828/-/DC1.

  • Received April 16, 2018.
  • Accepted November 24, 2018.
  • © 2018 by the American Diabetes Association.
http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. More information is available at http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license.

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Eye Care Utilization Among Insured People With Diabetes, U.S. 2010–2014
Stephen R. Benoit, Bonnielin Swenor, Linda S. Geiss, Edward W. Gregg, Jinan B. Saaddine
Diabetes Care Jan 2019, dc180828; DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0828

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Eye Care Utilization Among Insured People With Diabetes, U.S. 2010–2014
Stephen R. Benoit, Bonnielin Swenor, Linda S. Geiss, Edward W. Gregg, Jinan B. Saaddine
Diabetes Care Jan 2019, dc180828; DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0828
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© 2021 by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care Print ISSN: 0149-5992, Online ISSN: 1935-5548.