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Original Research
Erythrocyte n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Zelei Miao, Jie-sheng Lin, Yingying Mao, Geng-dong Chen, Fang-fang Zeng, Hong-li Dong, Zengliang Jiang, Jiali Wang, Congmei Xiao, Menglei Shuai, Wanglong Gou, Yuanqing Fu, Fumiaki Imamura, Yu-ming Chen, Ju-Sheng Zheng
Diabetes Care 2020 Jul; dc200631. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0631
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE To examine the association of erythrocyte n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes and explore the potential role of gut microbiota in the association.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We evaluated 2,731 participants without type 2 diabetes recruited between 2008 and 2013 in the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (Guangzhou, China). Case subjects with type 2 diabetes were identified with clinical and biochemical information collected at follow-up visits. Using stool samples collected during the follow-up in the subset (n = 1,591), 16S rRNA profiling was conducted. Using multivariable-adjusted Poisson or linear regression, we examined associations of erythrocyte n-6 PUFA biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes and diversity and composition of gut microbiota.

RESULTS Over 6.2 years of follow-up, 276 case subjects with type 2 diabetes were identified (risk 0.10). Higher levels of erythrocyte γ-linolenic acid (GLA), but not linoleic or arachidonic acid, were associated with higher type 2 diabetes incidence. Comparing the top to the bottom quartile groups of GLA levels, relative risk was 1.72 (95% CI 1.21, 2.44) adjusted for potential confounders. Baseline GLA was inversely associated with gut microbial richness and diversity (α-diversity, both P < 0.05) during follow-up and significantly associated with microbiota β-diversity (P = 0.002). α-Diversity acted as a potential mediator in the association between GLA and type 2 diabetes (P < 0.05). Seven genera (Butyrivibrio, Blautia, Oscillospira, Odoribacter, S24-7 other, Rikenellaceae other, and Clostridiales other) were enriched in quartile 1 of GLA and in participants without type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS Relative concentrations of erythrocyte GLA were positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population and also with gut microbial profiles. These results highlight that gut microbiota may play an important role linking n-6 PUFA metabolism and type 2 diabetes etiology.

Footnotes

  • This article contains supplementary material online at https://doi.org/10.2337/figshare.12624821.

  • Received March 25, 2020.
  • Accepted July 5, 2020.
  • © 2020 by the American Diabetes Association
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March 2021
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Erythrocyte n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Zelei Miao, Jie-sheng Lin, Yingying Mao, Geng-dong Chen, Fang-fang Zeng, Hong-li Dong, Zengliang Jiang, Jiali Wang, Congmei Xiao, Menglei Shuai, Wanglong Gou, Yuanqing Fu, Fumiaki Imamura, Yu-ming Chen, Ju-Sheng Zheng
Diabetes Care Jul 2020, dc200631; DOI: 10.2337/dc20-0631

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Erythrocyte n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Zelei Miao, Jie-sheng Lin, Yingying Mao, Geng-dong Chen, Fang-fang Zeng, Hong-li Dong, Zengliang Jiang, Jiali Wang, Congmei Xiao, Menglei Shuai, Wanglong Gou, Yuanqing Fu, Fumiaki Imamura, Yu-ming Chen, Ju-Sheng Zheng
Diabetes Care Jul 2020, dc200631; DOI: 10.2337/dc20-0631
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