PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Rave, Klaus AU - Bott, Susanne AU - Heinemann, Lutz AU - Sha, Sue AU - Becker, Reinhard H.A. AU - Willavize, Susan A. AU - Heise, Tim TI - Time-Action Profile of Inhaled Insulin in Comparison With Subcutaneously Injected Insulin Lispro and Regular Human Insulin AID - 10.2337/diacare.28.5.1077 DP - 2005 May 01 TA - Diabetes Care PG - 1077--1082 VI - 28 IP - 5 4099 - http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/28/5/1077.short 4100 - http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/28/5/1077.full SO - Diabetes Care2005 May 01; 28 AB - OBJECTIVE—This study compares the time-action profile of inhaled insulin (INH; Exubera) with that of subcutaneously injected insulin lispro (ILP) or regular human insulin (RHI) in healthy volunteers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this open-label, randomized, three-way, crossover study, 17 healthy male volunteers were given each of the following treatments in random order: INH (6 mg), ILP (18 units), or RHI (18 units). Glucose infusion rates and serum insulin concentrations were monitored over 10 h. RESULTS—INH had a faster onset of action than both RHI and ILP, as indicated by shorter time to early half-maximal effect (32 vs. 48 and 41 min, respectively; P < 0.001 for IHN vs. RHI and P < 0.05 for IHN vs. ILP). Time to maximal effect was comparable between INH and ILP (143 vs. 137 min; NS) but was shorter for INH than RHI (193 min; P < 0.01). The maximal metabolic effect of INH was comparable with RHI but lower than ILP (8.7 vs. 9.8 vs. 11.2 mg · kg–1 · min–1, respectively; P < 0.01 for INH vs. ILP). The duration of action of INH, indicated by time to late half-maximal effect (387 min), was longer than ILP (313 min; P < 0.01) and comparable to RHI (415 min; NS). Total glucodynamic effect after inhalation of INH was comparable to both ILP and RHI (NS). Relative bioefficacy of INH was 10% versus RHI and 11% versus ILP. No drug-related adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS—INH had a faster onset of action than RHI or ILP and a duration of action longer than ILP and comparable to RHI. These characteristics suggest that inhaled insulin is suitable for prandial insulin supplementation in patients with diabetes.