RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Serum Carotenoids and Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Women With Type 1 Diabetes and Preeclampsia
JF Diabetes Care
JO Diabetes Care
FD American Diabetes Association
SP 1258
OP 1264
DO 10.2337/dc10-2145
VO 34
IS 6
A1 Azar, Madona
A1 Basu, Arpita
A1 Jenkins, Alicia J.
A1 Nankervis, Alison J.
A1 Hanssen, Kristian F.
A1 Scholz, Hanne
A1 Henriksen, Tore
A1 Garg, Satish K.
A1 Hammad, Samar M.
A1 Scardo, James A.
A1 Aston, Christopher E.
A1 Lyons, Timothy J.
YR 2011
UL http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/34/6/1258.abstract
AB OBJECTIVE Increased oxidative stress and immune dysfunction are implicated in preeclampsia (PE) and may contribute to the two- to fourfold increase in PE prevalence among women with type 1 diabetes. Prospective measures of fat-soluble vitamins in diabetic pregnancy are therefore of interest.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Maternal serum carotenoids (α- and β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein) and vitamins A, D, and E (α- and γ-tocopherols) were measured at first (12.2 ± 1.9 weeks [mean ± SD], visit 1), second (21.6 ± 1.5 weeks, visit 2), and third (31.5 ± 1.7 weeks, visit 3) trimesters of pregnancy in 23 women with type 1 diabetes who subsequently developed PE (DM PE+) and 24 women with type 1 diabetes, matched for age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, and parity, who did not develop PE (DM PE−). Data were analyzed without and with adjustment for baseline differences in BMI, HDL cholesterol, and prandial status.RESULTS In unadjusted analysis, in DM PE+ versus DM PE−, α-carotene and β-carotene were 45 and 53% lower, respectively, at visit 3 (P < 0.05), before PE onset. In adjusted analyses, the difference in β-carotene at visit 3 remained significant. Most participants were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL), and vitamin D levels were lower in DM PE+ versus DM PE− throughout the pregnancy, although this did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS In pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, low serum α- and β-carotene were associated with subsequent development of PE, and vitamin D deficiency may also be implicated.