Baseline characteristics in patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 236) and control subjects (n = 78)
| Type 1 diabetic subjects | Control subjects | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total population | 236 (100) | 78 (100) | |
| Female | 106 (45) | 44 (56) | |
| Male | 130 (55) | 34 (44) | |
| Age (years) | 44 ± 13 | 49 ± 10 | 0.008 |
| Female | 44 ± 13 | 48 ± 10 | 0.052 |
| Male | 44 ± 13 | 49 ± 10 | 0.071 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 4.1 | 24.6 ± 3.2 | 0.60 |
| Female | 24.1 ± 4.5 | 24.2 ± 3.4 | 0.51 |
| Male | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 25.2 ± 2.9 | 0.91 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.88 ± 0.1 | 0.85 ± 0.07 | 0.009 |
| Female | 0.82 ± 0.08 | 0.81 ± 0.07 | 0.42 |
| Male | 0.93 ± 0.08 | 0.90 ± 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Smokers | 35 (15) | 15 (19) | 0.48 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 128 ± 18 | 124 ± 12 | 0.04 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73 ± 9 | 77 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| S-creatinine (mmol/L) | 77 ± 20 | 75 ± 12 | 0.44 |
| P-glucose (mmol/L) | 10.2 ± 4.5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.81 ± 0.7 | 0.84 ± 0.4 | 0.74 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 0.07 |
| ACE inhibitors | 63 (27) | 1 (1) | |
| Statins | 76 (32) | 1 (1) | |
| Estrogens, n/N total females in each group (%) | 15/106 (14) | 4/44 (9) |
Data are means ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated. No patients were on aspirin or anticoagulants. BP, blood pressure; P-glucose, plasma glucose.