Demographic characteristics of patients with type 1 diabetes
| All patients (n = 236) | Males (n = 130) | Females (n = 106) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes duration (years) | 22.5 ± 14.2 | 22.8 ± 14.3 | 22.1 ± 14.1 | 0.72 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.9 ± 1.3 | 7.7 ± 1.1 | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 0.02 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 63 ± 14.2 | 61 ± 13.1 | 65 ± 16.4 | |
| Retinopathya | 146 (62) | 81 (62) | 65 (61) | 0.98 |
| Microalbuminuria | 59 (25) | 28 (22) | 31 (29) | 0.16 |
Data are means ± SD or n (%). HbA1c according to National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (%) and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (mmol/mol). aNonproliferative and proliferative.