Characteristics of Nurses’ Health Study participants according to diabetes status
| Characteristic | Type 2 diabetes | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||
| n | 2,292 | 82 | — |
| Age at interview (years) | 74.2 (2.7) | 74.3 (1.8) | >0.5 |
| Mental health index* | 81.2 (12.8) | 77.9 (13.6) | <0.0005 |
| Energy fatigue index* | 64.7 (18.3) | 55.9 (18.4) | <0.0005 |
| Education after high school (years) | 4.0 (1.5) | 3.5 (0.9) | 0.0005 |
| Age at menopause (years) | 48.4 (5.9) | 46.5 (6.4) | <0.0005 |
| Current use of postmenopausal hormone | 34.2 | 25.7 | 0.1 |
| Use of antidepressants | 4.8 | 8.5 | >0.1 |
| Cigarette smoking | 8.8 | 8.5 | >0.5 |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2 | 14.3 | 39.5 | <0.0001 |
| High blood pressure | 45.3 | 64.6 | <0.001 |
| Use of aspirin use ≥4 times per week | 24.8 | 27.6 | >0.5 |
| Use of vitamin E supplementation of ≥350 IU | 16.3 | 12.2 | 0.1 |
Data are n, means (SD), or %.
↵* Mental health and energy-fatigue indices are taken from Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 and are scored from 0 to 100 points.