Maternal characteristics, birth size, and adult characteristics of the twins according to sex and zygosity
| MZ (n = 250) | DZ (n = 173) | |
|---|---|---|
| Mother’s age at delivery (years) | 27.2 ± 5.1 | 28.1 ± 4.6 |
| Mother’s height (cm) | 162.7 ± 6.2 | 163.2 ± 6.1 |
| Mother’s prepregancy weight (kg) | 58.8 ± 9.7 | 59.0 ± 9.6 |
| Mother’s prepregancy BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 3.4 | 22.1 ± 3.3 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 36.9 ± 2.5 | 37.5 ± 2.4 |
| Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MZ (n = 232) | DZ (n = 156) | MZ (n = 257) | DZ (n = 155) | |||
| Birth weight (g) | 2,537 ± 467 | 2,684 ± 481 | 2,449 ± 488 | 2,560 ± 474 | ||
| Adult | ||||||
| Age (years) | 25.3 ± 4.6 | 26.2 ± 4.8 | 25.1 ± 4.6 | 26.0 ± 4.7 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 70.4 ± 9.7 | 72.0 ± 11.8 | 60.7 ± 10.6 | 61.2 ± 10.3 | ||
| Height (cm) | 178.1 ± 6.3 | 178.6 ± 6.5 | 165.3 ± 6.2 | 166.2 ± 6.2 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 2.9 | 22.6 ± 3.3 | 22.2 ± 3.8 | 22.1 ± 3.5 | ||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l)* | 4.95 ± 1.09 | 4.80 ± 1.09 | 4.54 ± 1.09 | 4.57 ± 1.08 | ||
| Fasting proinsulin (pmol/l)* | 5.49 ± 1.90 | 5.28 ± 1.88 | 5.28 ± 1.89 | 4.87 ± 2.33 | ||
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l)* | 33.1 ± 1.56 | 33.1 ± 1.57 | 37.2 ± 1.57 | 40.0 ± 1.50 | ||
| Insulin resistance (HOMA)* | 1.45 ± 1.59 | 1.39 ± 1.56 | 1.47 ± 1.58 | 1.55 ± 1.51 | ||
| β-Cell function (%) (HOMA)* | 92.3 ± 1.56 | 103.3 ± 1.63 | 146.3 ± 1.65 | 146.8 ± 1.61 | ||
Data are means ± SD. HOMA, homeostasis model assessment.
↵* Geometric means ± SD.