Table 3—

ORs and CIs for adjustment variables across three quality of care measures

Adjustment variables	Received HbA_1c tests			Received eye exam			Received lipid profile
Adjustment variables		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age (years)	1.010	1.009–1.010	1.038	1.037–1.038	1.012	1.012–1.013
Female (versus male)	1.052	1.045–1.059	1.342	1.333–1.351	0.991	0.985–0.997
Race
Black (versus other)	1.003	0.989–1.017	0.920	0.907–0.933	0.739	0.729–0.748
White (versus other)	1.400	1.383–1.418	1.199	1.184–1.214	1.112	1.099–1.126
Modified Charlson index	0.896	0.895–0.898	0.948	0.947–0.950	0.941	0.940–0.943
Chronic diabetes complications	1.411	1.402–1.420	1.998	1.985–2.012	1.010	1.004–1.017
Dual eligibility	0.801	0.795–0.807	0.836	0.829–0.842	0.724	0.719–0.730
ESRD	0.563	0.552–0.573	0.878	0.860–0.896	0.329	0.322–0.335
Outpatient visits (no.)	1.020	1.020–1.021	1.026	1.025–1.026	1.027	1.026–1.027
ZQ score	1.014	1.014–1.015	1.015	1.015–1.016	1.017	1.016–1.017
Pseudo R² for adjustment model*	0.300			0.225			0.272

*
↵* Pseudo R² values are the explained (i.e., reduced) variance in state rates due to the adjustment variables shown. The greater the pseudo R², the more the model accounts for the variability among state rates due to the impact of and the control for differential distributions of the adjustment variables across states.