Summary of demographic, setting, intervention, and design characteristics of included studies
| Variable | Mean |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age (years) | 55 (35–67) |
| Using insulin (%) | 16 (0–100) |
| Baseline GHb | 9.4 (6.1–12.9) |
| Race/ethnicity (% NR) | 77 |
| Setting (%) | |
| United States | 45 |
| Clinic | 88 |
| Home | 9 |
| Senior center | 3 |
| Intervention | |
| Focus (%) | |
| Lifestyle | 44 |
| Knowledge | 23 |
| Skills (SMBG and foot care) | 3 |
| Coping skills | 0 |
| Mixed | 30 |
| Provider (%) | |
| Nurse | 13 |
| Dietitian | 13 |
| Physician with team | 25 |
| Team (nurse, dietitian, etc.) | 20 |
| Lay health care worker | 3 |
| Self (e.g. computer-assisted instruction) | 7 |
| NR | 20 |
| Duration (median) (months) | 6 (1.0–27) |
| Number of contacts (median) | 6 (1–36) |
| Total contact time (hours) | 9.2 (1–28) |
| Individual (%) | 32 |
| Collaborative (%) | 87 |
| Theory-based (%) | 39 |
| Computer-assisted instruction (%) | 6 |
| Interface with primary care (%) | 13 (65% NR) |
| Design and quality | |
| Recruitment (%) | |
| Random | 3 |
| Volunteers | 58 |
| Entire eligible population | 19 |
| Unclear | 19 |
| Comparison group: % Patients receiving usual care | 58 |
| Completion rate ≥80% | 65 |
Data are means (range) or %, unless otherwise indicated. NR, not reported; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose.