Per capita differences in costs of the metformin and lifestyle interventions relative to the placebo intervention (year 2000, U.S. dollars) over 3 years in DPP
| Metformin vs. placebo ($) | Lifestyle vs. placebo ($) | |
|---|---|---|
| Direct medical costs | ||
| Intervention | 2,463 | 2,701 |
| Care outside DPP | −272 | −432 |
| Total | 2,191 | 2,269 |
| Direct nonmedical costs | −9 | 1,445 |
| Indirect costs | 230 | −174 |
| Total cost | ||
| Health system perspective | 2,191 | 2,269 |
| Societal perspective | 2,412 | 3,540 |