Prevalence and titer of circulating islet cell-specific autoantibodies in patients with LADA, adult-onset type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes and in patients with newly diagnosed LADA and those with adult-onset and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes
| Autoantibody | LADA | Adult-onset type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | Newly diagnosed LADA | Newly diagnosed adult-onset type 1 diabetes | Newly diagnosed childhood-onset type 1 diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 54 | 57 | 190 | 21 | 37 | 48 |
| ICA only | 18 (33) | 8 (14) | 5 (3) | 6 (29) | 6 (16) | 2 (4) |
| GADA only | 14 (26) | 5 (9) | 4 (2) | 6 (29) | 1 (3) | 2 (4) |
| IA-2A only | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (6) |
| ICA + GADA | 12 (22) | 11 (19) | 0 | 4 (19) | 8 (22) | 10 (21) |
| ICA + IA-2A | 0 | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (3) | 6 (13) |
| GADA + IA-2A | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 0 | 1 (5) | 0 | 1 (2) |
| ICA + GADA + IA-2A | 9 (17) | 18 (32) | 0 | 4 (19) | 17 (46) | 23 (48) |
| Antibody negative | 0 | 12 (21) | 181 (95) | 0 | 4 (11) | 1 (2) |
| ICA and/or GADA and/or IA-2A | 54 | 45 | 9 | 21 | 33 | 47 |
| Titer of ICA (JDF) | NE | NE | NE | 20 (0–40) | 30 (10–40) | 40 (20–50) |
| Titer of GADA (units/ml) | NE | NE | NE | 2.4 (0.7–29.8) | 12.5 (0.8–50.1) | 3.1 (0.9–8.1) |
| Titer of IA-2A (units/ml) | NE | NE | NE | 0.4 (0.2–3.8) | 0.7 (0.3–5.2) | 4.3 (0.6–18.1) |
Data are n (%), n, or median (interquartile range). The prevalence of circulating islet cell-specific autoantibodies was compared by Fisher’s exact test. The titer of autoantibodies was compared by Mann-Whitney test. For statistical significance among the groups, see the text. NE, not evaluated.