Descriptive characteristics of women with and without type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes | Without diabetes | P | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sisters | Control subjects | ||||
n | 143 | 186 | 158 | ||
Mean age at exam (years) | 42.6 ± 5.4 | 42.4 ± 8.3 | 41.2 ± 6.4 | 0.22 | |
Age at menarche (years) | 13.5 ± 1.9 | 12.5 ± 1.4 | 12.6 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | |
Ever oral contraceptive use (%) | 44.0 | 79.0 | 79.8 | <0.001 | |
Ever pregnant (%) | 76.8 | 83.9 | 70.3 | 0.01 | |
Mean number of pregnancies* | 2.3 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 2.6 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | |
Infertility (%) | 16.9 | 17.7 | 16.6 | 0.96 | |
Miscarriages (%)* | 31.2 | 32.1 | 27.9 | 0.76 | |
Stillbirths (%)* | 10.1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | <0.001 | |
Natural menopause (%) | 12.5 | 12.7 | 9.8 | 0.69 | |
Mean age at natural menopause (years)† | 41.6 ± 10.6 | 49.9 ± 6.1 | 47.8 ± 4.6 | 0.06 | |
Ever smoked (%) | 41.8 | 48.4 | 50.0 | 0.33 | |
College attendance (%) | 64.6 | 65.6 | 75.9 | 0.06 | |
Income ≥$40,000 (%) | 40.8 | 59.1 | 52.7 | 0.006 | |
Mean BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 ± 4.5 | 25.2 ± 5.3 | 27.4 ± 7.3 | 0.003 | |
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (%) | 42.7 | 30.4 | 19.6 | <0.001 | |
Age Hashimoto’s detected (years) | 38.1 ± 9.3 | 42.0 ± 10.2 | 39.2 ± 9.7 | 0.14 |