Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 109 patients with type 2 diabetes attending a single tertiary referral clinic with a GFR <60 ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2
| Normo-albuminuria | Micro-albuminuria | Macro-albuminuria | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 43 | 38 | 28 | |
| AER (μg/min) | 9.3 ×/÷ 1.1 | 61 ×/÷ 1.2 | 671 ×/÷ 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| Age (years) | 73 ± 1 | 72 ± 2 | 67 ± 2 | <0.01 |
| Females (%) | 56 | 45 | 18 | <0.01 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 14 ± 1 | 16 ± 1 | 15 ± 2 | 0.64 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 ± 1.0 | 29.3 ± 0.7 | 31.6 ± 1.4 | 0.26 |
| Retinopathy (%) | 26 | 50 | 41 | 0.11 |
| CHD (%) | 49 | 51 | 64 | 0.42 |
| CVD (%) | 21 | 27 | 18 | 0.67 |
| PVD (%) | 23 | 35 | 46 | 0.12 |
| Smoking (%) | 38 | 53 | 62 | 0.19 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.3 ± 0.3 | 7.9 ± 0.2 | 7.9 ± 0.3 | 0.23 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 138 ± 3 | 147 ± 3 | 147 ± 3 | 0.02* |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75 ± 2 | 78 ± 1 | 77 ± 1 | 0.37 |
| TC (mmol/l) | 4.4 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.2 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 0.91 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.6 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 0.43 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.15 ± 0.05 | 1.19 ± 0.06 | 0.97 ± 0.05 | 0.02* |
| TG (mmol/l) | 1.9 ×/÷ 1.1 | 1.8 ×/÷ 1.1 | 2.0 ×/÷ 1.1 | 0.86 |
| GFR (ml · min−1 · 1.73 m−2) | 47 ± 2 | 47 ± 2 | 39 ± 2 | 0.01 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 110 (87–146) | 112 (101–136) | 150 (123–200) | 0.001 |
| RAS inhibitor (%) | 74 | 74 | 81 | 0.76 |
| Anti-HT (%) | 95 | 95 | 96 | 0.95 |
Data are mean ± SEM, geometric mean ×/÷ tolerance factor, or median (interquartile range). Patients were stratified on the basis of AER, i.e., normo- (<20 μg/min), micro- (20–200 μg/min) and macroalbuminuria (>200 μg/min).
↵* After adjustment for differences in age or sex, there were no significant differences in SBP (P = 0.15) or HDL-C (P = 0.66). CHD, coronary heart disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.