Baseline characteristics of study population with diabetes in Medicare in 1994 by heart failure status
| Cohort in 1994 | No heart failure | Prevalent heart failure |
|---|---|---|
| n | 117,933 | 33,805 |
| Age (years) | 73.8 ± 6.4 | 76.3 ± 7.1 |
| Woman | 59.4 | 61.8 |
| White race* | 84.0 | 83.7 |
| Black race* | 11.8 | 12.0 |
| Other/missing race* | 4.2 | 4.3 |
| Dual eligible | 15.3 | 23.7 |
| Hypertension | 59.8 | 68.1 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 30.4 | 67.4 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 17.8 | 30.1 |
| Stroke/transient ischemic attack | 15.3 | 28.6 |
| Nephropathy | 4.0 | 16.4 |
| End-stage renal disease | 0.4 | 2.2 |
| Retinopathy | 14.6 | 17.3 |
| Neuropathy | 14.0 | 19.6 |
| Metabolic acidosis/coma | 4.0 | 6.1 |
| Hypoglycemia | 2.3 | 4.6 |
Data are % and mean ± SD. Dual eligible persons qualify for Medicaid coverage. All comparisons are significant at P < 0.001 except for
↵* those that are not significant.