Table 2—

Logistic regression models for major and minor depression versus no depression

Independent variables*	Major depression			Minor depression
Independent variables*		Odds ratio	95% CI	Odds ratio	95% CI
Demographics
Age (years)	0.96	0.95–0.98	0.97	0.95–0.99
Female sex	2.29	1.47–3.55	0.99	0.77–1.28
High school or less	1.34	1.04–1.72	1.44	1.10–1.88
Unmarried and not living as married	1.41	1.13–1.77	1.16	0.90–1.50
Employed	0.78	0.60–1.02	0.85	0.62–1.18
Racial ethnicity
African American vs. Caucasian	1.21	0.80–1.80	1.11	0.70–1.75
Asian vs. Caucasian	0.85	0.54–1.34	1.52	1.01–2.30
Other vs. Caucasian	1.24	0.79–1.02	1.82	1.13–2.92
Risk factors
BMI ≥30.0 kg/m²	1.76	1.39–2.22	1.57	1.21–2.03
Smoking	2.15	1.56–2.95	1.61	1.08–2.38
Clinical factors
Rx Risk score
Second vs. first quartile	1.35	0.98–1.87	0.70	0.48–1.04
Third vs. first quartile	1.69	1.19–2.40	1.17	0.77–1.77
Fourth vs. first quartile	2.28	1.58–3.30	1.09	0.70–1.70
Duration of diabetes
5–9.9 years vs. <5 years	0.88	0.74–1.30	1.39	1.01–1.90
≥10 years vs. <5 years	0.54	0.82–1.46	1.30	0.93–1.80
Diabetes complications
1 vs. 0	1.45	0.90–2.33	0.30	0.06–1.34
2 vs. 0	2.04	1.23–3.41	0.34	0.06–2.14
3 vs. 0	2.63	1.50–4.62	0.03	0.001–0.67
4+ vs. 0	3.08	1.67–5.69	0.003	.0001–0.09
Treatment intensity
Oral hypoglycemic vs. none or diet	1.04	0.78–1.40	1.00	0.73–1.37
Insulin vs. none or diet	1.54	1.08–2.19	1.22	0.83–1.79
HbA_1c level groups
≥8.0%	3.72	1.30–10.71	1.39	0.42–4.68
Age HbA_1c ≥ 8.0%†	0.98	0.97–0.99
Sex complications†
1 vs. 0	0.63	0.35–1.13
2 vs. 0	0.46	0.24–0.87
3 vs. 0	0.24	0.11–0.52
4 vs. 0	0.38	0.17–0.84
Age complications†
1 vs. 0			1.02	1.00–1.05
2 vs. 0			1.02	1.00–1.05
3 vs. 0			1.06	1.01–1.10
4 vs. 0			1.10	1.05–1.16

*
↵* Adjusted for clinic type.
†
↵† P < 0.05.