Change in measures of glucose homeostasis derived from an IVGTT
| Characteristics | Women | Men | Time | Time × sex | Time × race | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black | White | Black | White | P | P | P | |||||||||||
| Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | ||||||||||
| n | 109 | 109 | 207 | 207 | 64 | 64 | 216 | 216 | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 32.9 (30.8–35.0) | — | 35.1 (33.1–37.0) | — | 33.1 (30.2–36.0) | — | 36.5 (34.5–38.6) | — | — | — | — | ||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 (26.6–28.9) | 27.6 (26.6–28.7) | 24.7 (24.1–25.4) | 24.7 (24.1–25.3) | 26.6 (25.4–27.8) | 26.4 (25.3–27.7) | 26.3 (25.6–26.9) | 26.1 (25.5–26.7) | * | NS | NS | ||||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.0 (4.9–5.1) | 5.2 (5.0–5.3) | 4.9 (4.8–4.5) | 5.0 (4.9–5.0) | 5.2 (5.1–5.4) | 5.3 (5.2–5.5) | 5.2 (5.1–5.2) | 5.2 (5.1–5.2) | * | NS | * | ||||||
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l) | 67.7 (59.7–76.7) | 61.7 (55.5–68.7) | 54.4 (51.1–57.8) | 50.4 (47.2–53.9) | 61.9 (52.7–72.8) | 57.7 (49.7–66.9) | 61.5 (57.1–66.3) | 56.2 (52.2–60.6) | * | NS | NS | ||||||
| Si (10−4 min · mU−1 · ml−1) | 2.35 (2.05–2.69) | 2.68 (2.37–3.01) | 4.08 (3.75–4.42) | 4.15 (3.83–4.49) | 2.15 (1.78–2.56) | 2.60 (2.16–3.11) | 3.29 (2.99–3.62) | 3.80 (3.48–4.14) | * | † | NS | ||||||
| AIRg (10 min · mU−1 · ml−1) | 1,250 (1,055–1,480) | 1,227 (1,032–1,458) | 491 (450–536) | 480 (440–523) | 1,046 (837–1,305) | 964 (774–1,198) | 539 (483–601) | 521 (472–575) | † | NS | NS | ||||||
| Di (Si × AIRg) | 2,723 (2,281–3,247) | 3,084 (2,578–3,684) | 1,931 (1,754–2,125) | 1,920 (1,745–2,111) | 2,103 (1,658–2,660) | 2,287 (1,763–2,957) | 1,688 (1,501–1,898) | 1,894 (1,696–2,114) | * | NS | NS | ||||||
| Sg (min−1) | 0.021 (0.018–0.023) | 0.023 (0.021–0.026) | 0.017 (0.016–0.018) | 0.018 (0.017–0.019) | 0.018 (0.015–0.021) | 0.020 (0.017–0.023) | 0.015 (0.014–0.017) | 0.018 (0.016–0.019) | * | NS | NS | ||||||
| Kg (%/min) | 1.81 (1.68–1.94) | 1.92 (1.79–2.06) | 1.62 (1.55–1.69) | 1.62 (1.55–1.70) | 1.53 (1.37–1.7) | 1.58 (1.41–1.76) | 1.43 (1.36–1.5) | 1.49 (1.42–1.57) | † | NS | NS | ||||||
| GABF (mmol · l−1 · min−1) | 64.5 (56.2–73.4) | 67.8 (58.8–77.4) | 57.0 (51.9–62.4) | 49.1 (44.4–54) | 48.9 (39.2–59.7) | 45.3 (35.3–56.6) | 55.5 (50.5–60.7) | 51.9 (47.1–56.8) | † | NS | NS | ||||||
Data are means (95% CI).
↵* P < 0.01;
↵† P < 0.05; NS, nonsignificant.
All values were logarithmically transformed (log10) before analyses except for GABF, which was square root transformed, and age, which was not transformed. Si, insulin sensitivity; Sg, glucose effectiveness; Di, disposition index; Kg, glucose disappearance index; GABF, glucose area below fasting levels. There was no time × sex × race interaction.