Social, demographic, and health status characteristics of diabetic patients with and without chronic pain
| With chronic pain | Without chronic pain | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 557 | 371 | |
| Age (years) | 64 ± 10 | 66 ± 10 | 0.0001 |
| <60 | 39 (216) | 26 (98) | 0.0001 |
| 60–70 | 30 (168) | 34 (125) | 0.26 |
| >70 | 31 (173) | 40 (148) | 0.006 |
| Male | 96 (537/557) | 99 (368/371) | 0.008 |
| White | 67 (358/538) | 71 (257/362) | 0.16 |
| Education, high school or greater | 83 (444/538) | 81 (292/361) | 0.53 |
| Annual household income, ≥$20,000 | 53 (275/522) | 57 (196/345) | 0.23 |
| Use insulin | 44 (245/556) | 36 (132/368) | 0.01 |
| No. of comorbid conditions (range 0–13)* | 1.3 ± 1.3 (516) | 1.3 ± 1.3 (346) | 0.73 |
| 0 | 34 (174) | 33 (114) | 0.81 |
| 1 | 29 (149) | 28 (96) | 0.72 |
| ≥2 | 37 (193) | 39 (136) | 0.57 |
| Health status, fair or poor | 55 (299/543) | 33 (122/368) | 0.0001 |
| CES-D 10 score ≥10† | 49 (267/547) | 20 (72/362) | 0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.5 ± 6.4 | 29.5 ± 5.5 | 0.0001 |
| Taking care of diabetes not a high priority right now (agree vs. neutral or disagree) | 20 (108/547) | 21 (77/369) | 0.68 |
| Amount of pain | NA | ||
| None to moderate | 68 (374/548) | ||
| Severe or very severe | 32 (174/458) | ||
| Use pain medication | 78 (428/552) | NA |
Data are means ± SD or % (n). NA, not applicable.
↵* Number of comorbid conditions based on medical record data and includes 13 conditions: congestive heart failure, dementia, chronic pulmonary disease, connective tissue disease, ulcer disease, hemiplegia, leukemia, lymphoma, liver disease, cancer, renal disease, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cardiovascular disease (excluding hypertension or dyslipidemia) (21).
↵† A score ≥10 is considered probable depression (i.e., positive screen).