Clinical characteristics by level of LTPA
| Sedentary | Moderately active | Active | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men/women | 131/116* | 246/322 | 105/110† |
| Age (years) | 38 ± 11 | 38 ± 12 | 37 ± 12 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 22 ± 12 | 22 ± 12 | 22 ± 12 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 ± 3.5 | 25.1 ± 3.4 | 24.8 ± 3.0† |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | |||
| Men | 0.92 ± 0.07 | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 0.91 ± 0.08‡ |
| Women | 0.83 ± 0.07 | 0.82 ± 0.07 | 0.81 ± 0.08 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 ± 17 | 131 ± 16 | 133 ± 18 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79 ± 9 | 78 ± 9 | 79 ± 10 |
| Serum cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 1.0 |
| Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.56 ± 0.45 | 1.66 ± 0.42 | 1.69 ± 0.60† |
| Diabetic nephropathy (%) | 16 | 11 | 10‡ |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 3.3 | 4.8 | 4.3 |
| Retinopathy (%, including background) | 55 | 52 | 50 |
| Current smokers (%) | |||
| Men | 33 | 18 | 15† |
| Women | 24 | 20 | 22 |
| White-collar workers (%) | |||
| Men | 30 | 39 | 35 |
| Women | 32 | 45 | 40 |