Baseline characteristics of subjects by IAA status
| Not confirmed IAA ≥80 | Confirmed IAA ≥80 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 109 | 263 | |
| Median age | 13.0 (9–18) | 9.0 (6–12) | 0.0000 |
| Average FPIR (μU/ml) (SD) | 172.1 ± 73.1 | 155.3 ± 91.4 | 0.0878 |
| Race | 0.9246 | ||
| White | 96 (88.0) | 231 (87.8) | |
| African American | 2 (1.8) | 5 (1.9) | |
| Hispanic | 7 (6.4) | 15 (5.7) | |
| Other | 4 (3.6) | 12 (4.5) | |
| Sex | 0.0445 | ||
| Male | 57 (52.2) | 167 (63.5) | |
| Female | 52 (47.7) | 96 (36.5) | |
| Relationship to index patient with diabetes | 0.1649 | ||
| Sibling | 58 (53.2) | 162 (61.6) | |
| Offspring | 31 (28.4) | 71 (27.0) | |
| Parent | 9 (8.2) | 9 (3.4) | |
| Second degree | 11 (10.0) | 21 (7.9) | |
| Antibody levels | |||
| Median ICAs (JDF units) | 40 (20–160) | 80 (40–320) | 0.0001 |
| Mean IAAs (nU/ml) | 72.0 ± 72.3 | 485.2 ± 547.5 | 0.0000 |
| GAD antibodies | 0.0461 | ||
| Positive | 74 (68.5) | 206 (78.3) | |
| Negative | 34 (31.4) | 57 (21.6) | |
| ICA-512 antibodies | 0.0043 | ||
| Positive | 44 (40.7) | 150 (57.0) | |
| Negative | 64 (59.2) | 113 (42.9) | |
| Micro IAA | 0.0000 | ||
| Positive | 4 (5.0) | 63 (31.9) | |
| Negative | 76 (95.0) | 134 (68.0) | |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.33 ± 0.37 | 5.35 ± 0.36 | 0.6112 |
| C-peptide area under curve | |||
| During intravenous glucose tolerance test | 40.1 (16.7) | 32.8 (15.4) | 0.0001 |
| During oral glucose tolerance test | 563.9 (225.0) | 476.6 (189.1) | 0.0002 |
| During mixed-meal tolerance test | 443.2 (183.3) | 365.2 (169.5) | 0.0000 |
Data are means ± SD, n (%), or mean (interquartile range).