Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of prevalent diabetes by category of the sum of six POPs after stratified by age, sex, race and ethnicity, poverty income ratio, or BMI
| Category of the sum of six persistent organic pollutants | Ptrend | Pinteraction | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <25th | 25th to <50th | 50th to <75th | 75th to <90th | ≥90th | |||||||
| Age | |||||||||||
| 20–39 years | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 1/388 | 8/258 | 1/78 | 1/10 | 0/0 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 7.6 (0.9–65.2) | 3.4 (0.2–61.8) | 19.6 (0.9–434.6) | — | 0.092 | |||||
| 40–59 years | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 0/62 | 16/188 | 22/228 | 12/69 | 12/39 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 5.4 (0.7–42.4) | 4.6 (0.6–36.2) | 10.4 (1.3–86.3) | 18.0 (2.1–154.1) | <0.001 | |||||
| ≥60 years | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 1/13 | 10/59 | 30/221 | 52/196 | 51/207 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 2.3 (0.2–21.0) | 1.5 (0.2–12.4) | 3.9 (0.5–32.8) | 3.8 (0.4–32.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Men | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 0/212 | 15/237 | 34/267 | 33/107 | 19/80 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 11.7 (1.5–90.5) | 16.0 (2.0–125.0) | 45.6 (5.6–369.0) | 27.3 (3.2–230.0) | <0.001 | |||||
| Women | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 2/251 | 19/268 | 19/260 | 32/168 | 44/166 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 8.0 (1.8–36.0) | 7.2 (1.5–33.8) | 18.0 (3.7–87.4) | 26.2 (5.2–131.3) | <0.001 | 0.985 | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic whites | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 2/224 | 14/236 | 18/266 | 27/137 | 18/106 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 5.6 (1.2–26.4) | 3.4 (0.7–16.9) | 9.4 (1.8–48.6) | 6.8 (1.2–37.7) | 0.026 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic blacks | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 0/78 | 5/82 | 10/81 | 8/38 | 18/74 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 3.8 (0.4–34.6) | 5.6 (0.6–51.2) | 8.1 (0.8–84.6) | 6.0 (0.6–64.4) | 0.246 | |||||
| Mexican Americans | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 0/111 | 8/134 | 20/149 | 24/83 | 24/54 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 4.9 (0.6–40.9) | 7.4 (0.9–60.9) | 16.4 (1.9–140.9) | 26.5 (3.0–238.2) | <0.001 | 0.073 | ||||
| Poverty income ratio | |||||||||||
| < Median (2.18) | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 0/215 | 21/212 | 31/224 | 39/124 | 40/128 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 19.1 (2.5–145.0) | 22.7 (2.9–177.3) | 65.1 (8.1–525.1) | 69.8 (8.5–571.7) | <0.001 | 0.805 | ||||
| ≥ Median (2.18) | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 2/248 | 13/293 | 22/303 | 26/151 | 23/118 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 5.1 (1.1–23.7) | 4.5 (1.0–21.1) | 10.7 (2.2–51.7) | 8.8 (1.7–44.9) | <0.001 | |||||
| BMI | |||||||||||
| <25 kg/m2 | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 0/176 | 6/171 | 4/145 | 8/71 | 9/60 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 6.2 (0.7–55.5) | 3.0 (0.3–33.1) | 11.6 (1.0–132.4) | 16.2 (1.4–192.2) | 0.013 | |||||
| 25 to <30 kg/m2 | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 1/158 | 14/181 | 20/206 | 25/117 | 23/106 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 11.0 (1.4–85.3) | 9.2 (1.1–73.9) | 20.6 (2.5–171.5) | 19.8 (2.3–170.5) | 0.002 | |||||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | |||||||||||
| Cases/n | 1/129 | 14/153 | 29/176 | 32/87 | 31/80 | ||||||
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Referent | 11.5 (1.5–90.8) | 19.4 (2.4–155.6) | 53.4 (6.4–445.5) | 50.1 (5.8–433.1) | <0.001 | 0.504 | ||||
Adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, poverty income ratio, BMI, and waist circumference; continuous values of age, BMI, and waist circumference were adjusted in all models. In the subgroups with zero cases in the lowest category, we artificially added one case to that category; covariates were evaluated at the median values of noncases in the category.