Anthropometrical and biochemical variables of the study subjects
| NGT | IGT | Type 2 diabetes | P (ANOVA) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (men) | 97 | 36 | 88 | — |
| Age (years) | 49.5 ± 11.4* | 57.8 ± 8.9 | 58.4 ± 10.2 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 ± 3.9† | 28.4 ± 3.3 | 28.9 ± 3.9 | <0.0001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.91 ± 0.06†‡ | 0.95 ± 0.07§ | 1 ± 0.08 | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.7 ± 15.06†‡ | 132.9 ± 16.5 | 142.2 ± 19.6‡ | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.9 ± 9.7‡ | 83.8 ± 8.7 | 82.4 ± 10.8 | 0.012 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.23 ± 0.5 | 5.67 ± 0.6 | 9.4 ± 4.2* | <0.0001 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/l) | 8.4 ± 4.4‖ | 12.1 ± 5.9 | 11 ± 7.3¶ | <0.002 |
| 120′ OGTT glucose (mmol/l) | 5.98 ± 1.1* | 9.07 ± 0.96* | 13.2 ± 2.2 | <0.0001 |
| 120′ OGTT insulin (mU/l) | 30.6 (20.4–52.5)‖ | 96.4 (61.2–178.3) | 52.1 (37–96) | <0.0001 |
| A1C (%) | 4.83 ± 0.51 | 4.85 ± 0.42 | 7.1 ± 1.7* | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 53.3 ± 13.8 | 50.4 ± 10.9 | 47.4 ± 12.7 | 0.009 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 81.5 (62.2–106)‡ | 110.5 (80.5–156.5) | 181 (122.5–279)* | <0.0001 |
| Insulin sensitivity (10−4 · mU/l)# | 3.00 (2.19–4.8)* | 1.25 (0.87–2.38) | 0.8 (0.61–2.48) | <0.0001 |
| sTfR (μg/ml) | 8.1 ± 2.5** | 9.5 ± 2.5 | 8.9 ± 3.8 | 0.055†† |
| Transferrin (ng/ml) | 246.8 ± 50.3 | 243.3 ± 69 | 257.8 ± 50 | 0.3 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 135 (88.9–220) | 147.9 (97.8–243.4) | 149 (91.1–362.3) | 0.1 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/l) | 0.2 (0.12–0.4)†‡ | 0.2 (0.13–0.51) | 0.3 (0.23–0.8) | 0.002 |
Data are means ± SD or median (interquartile range).
↵* P < 0.0001 compared with the other two groups in post-hoc analysis.
↵† P between 0.01 and <0.0001 compared with the type 2 diabetic group in post-hoc analysis.
↵‡ P < 0.05 compared with the IGT group in post-hoc analysis.
↵§ P < 0.05 compared with the type 2 diabetic group in post-hoc analysis.
↵‖ P between 0.01 and <0.0001 compared with the IGT group in post-hoc analysis.
↵¶ Measured in all subjects except 68 patients with type 2 diabetes.
↵# Measured in 60 subjects with NGT, 28 with IGT, and 7 with previously unknown type 2 diabetes.
↵** P = 0.07 compared with the IGT group.
↵†† P = 0.002 when considering nonobese subjects (then the numbers were 8.2 ± 2.3 in the NGT group, 11.2 ± 5.2 in the IGT group, and 9.3 ± 4.2 in the type 2 diabetic group; P = 0.003 in IGT group when compared with the NGT group in post-hoc analysis).