Table 3

Multivariable analysis of heart rate variability outcomes and ACR tertiles

HRV parameter	Factor^*	β (95% CI)	P value
HR	Upper ACR tertile⁺	2.5 (0.2–4.8)	0.03
	Age	−1.2 (−1.9 to −0.4)	<0.01
	HbA_1c	1.9 (1.0–2.8)	<0.001
SDNN	Upper ACR tertile	−6.6 (−12.7 to −0.4)	0.04
SDNN	HbA_1c	−3.8 (−6.2 to −1.4)	<0.01
RMSSD	Upper ACR tertile	−9.5 (−18.2 to −0.8)	0.03
	Age	−3.1 (−6.0 to −0.3)	0.03
	HbA_1c	−3.9 (−7.2 to −0.5)	0.02

HR, heart rate; HRV, heart rate variability.
↵* Diabetes duration, BMI SDS, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure SDS were not significant explanatory variables in the above models.
↵+ Reference group is lower tertiles.