Baseline characteristics of diabetes patients with or without DR
| Characteristics | Diabetes (N = 348) | Retinopathy status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 107) | No (n = 241) | P | ||
| Age at baseline (years) | 56 (40–67) | 57 (42–68) | 55 (39–67) | 0.43 |
| Male | 56.0 | 55.1 | 56.4 | 0.82 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 7.5 (5.5–10) | 9.0 (7.5–12) | 6.0 (4.5–8.5) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 (26.3–31.2) | 29.1 (26.9–31.3) | 28.3 (25.7–31.0) | 0.26 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 132 (125–143) | 143 (129–148) | 126 (120–145) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | 44.5 | 42.1 | 45.6 | 0.53 |
| Current alcohol intake | 39.9 | 38.3 | 40.7 | 0.68 |
| Intensive glucose treatment | 45.4 | 54.2 | 41.4 | 0.028 |
| BP treatment | 42.2 | 44.9 | 41.1 | 0.34 |
| Use of lipid-lowering medication | 39.7 | 43.9 | 37.8 | 0.18 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 7.8 (7.2–8.6) | 8.4 (7.8–9.6) | 7.1 (6.5–8.2) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 62 (55–70) | 68 (62–81) | 54 (48–66) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 89 (75–98) | 90 (77–99) | 87 (74–97) | 0.22 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.6 (3.8–5.4) | 4.8 (4.0–5.5) | 4.4 (3.7–5.2) | 0.046 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.9–1.8) | 1.5 (1.0–1.9) | 1.4 (0.9–1.7) | 0.56 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.5 (1.9–2.9) | 2.6 (2.0–2.9) | 2.5 (1.9–2.8) | 0.67 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 1.6 (1.4–1.7) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 0.81 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.96 (0.48–2.19) | 1.42 (0.66–3.12) | 0.76 (0.39–1.78) | <0.001 |
| MBL (μg/L) | 2,892 (2,320–3,387) | 3,270 (2,950–3,800) | 2,560 (2,100–3,110) | <0.0001 |
| Any DR | 30.7 | |||
| PDR | 7.2 | |||
| DME | 7.5 | |||
| VTDR | 11.2 | |||
| Any DR in type 1 diabetes (n = 98) | 31.6 | |||
| PDR | 8.2 | |||
| DME | 9.2 | |||
| VTDR | 12.2 | |||
| Any DR in type 2 diabetes (n = 250) | 30.4 | |||
| PDR | 6.8 | |||
| DME | 6.8 | |||
| VTDR | 10.8 | |||
Results are expressed as percentages or as medians (IQR).