Table 1

Evidence for hyperglycemia screening

 Considerable and growing disease burden • 387 million people living with diabetes worldwide (5) • 28 million people living with diabetes in the U.S. (15) • 316 million people living with IGT worldwide (5) • 86 million people living with prediabetes in the U.S. (21) • Annual diabetes expenditure has reached $612 billion worldwide (5) • Annual diabetes expenditure has reached$176 billion in the U.S. (15) Detectable early stage of the disease • 50% (range 30–80%) of diabetes is undiagnosed worldwide (5) • 27% of diabetes is undiagnosed in the U.S. (6) • Diabetes may be present for as long as 9–12 years prior to clinical diagnosis (1) • IFG and IGT are asymptomatic, detectable, intermediate states of hyperglycemia (1) • 90% of prediabetes is undiagnosed in the U.S. (1) • Average duration of prediabetes is 7.8 years in men and 9.8 years in women (22) • Estimated 4.7–12% annual incidence of progression from IGT and/or IFG to type 2 diabetes (23) Evidence of benefit for early treatment of hyperglycemia • Reduction in incidence of CVD and mortality (4) • Reduction in the incidence of retinopathy (9) • Reduction in incidence of diabetes among people with IGT (24) • Regression of prediabetes to normoglycemia (10) • Reduction in cardiometabolic risk factors (11) • Reduction in the development of metabolic syndrome (12) • Reduction in the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women (13) • Improvement in quality of life (14) • Evidence for cost-effectiveness of early detection and treatment (16–19) • Limited psychological impact on participants (20)