Table 3

Adjusted odds of DKA based on logistic regression models: what variables explain the differences in DKA rates between ORs and 99% CIs

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Registry/audit
T1DX vs. DPV	1.44 (1.28–1.63)^*	1.49 (1.31–1.68)^*	1.47 (1.30–1.67)^*	1.05 (0.92–1.20)	1.06 (0.93–1.21)	1.06 (0.93–1.21)
NPDA vs. DPV	1.30 (1.16–1.46)^*	1.33 (1.18–1.49)^*	1.42 (1.26–1.61)^*	0.79 (0.69–0.89)^*	0.78 (0.68–0.90)^*	0.79 (0.68–0.91)^*
Age
6 to <13 vs. <6 years	—	0.99 (0.77–1.28)	0.94 (0.72–1.22)	0.93 (0.71–1.22)	0.91 (0.69–1.20)	0.91 (0.69–1.20)
13 to <18 vs. <6 years	—	1.35 (1.04–1.74)^*	1.28 (0.99–1.66)	0.92 (0.70–1.21)	0.89 (0.67–1.17)	0.89 (0.67–1.18)
Sex
Female vs. male	—	1.35 (1.22–1.49)^*	1.32 (1.19–1.46)^*	1.26 (1.13–1.40)^*	1.23 (1.11–1.38)^*	1.23 (1.10–1.37)^*
Type 1 diabetes duration
>3 vs. 1 to <3 years	—	1.28 (1.13–1.44)^*	1.30 (1.14–1.47)^*	1.10 (0.96–1.26)	1.08 (0.94–1.24)	1.08 (0.94–1.24)
Ethnic minority status
Yes vs. no	—	—	1.49 (1.32–1.68)^*	1.27 (1.12–1.44)^*	1.26 (1.11–1.43)^*	1.27 (1.11–1.44)^*
HbA_1c
7.5 to <9.0% vs. <7.5%	—	—	—	2.48 (2.04–3.00)^*	2.54 (2.09–3.09)^*	2.54 (2.09–3.09)^*
≥9.0% vs. <7.5%	—	—	—	8.64 (7.14–10.45)^*	8.73 (7.18–10.62)^*	8.74 (7.18–10.63)^*
BMI
Underweight vs. normal weight	—	—	—	—	1.33 (0.74–2.37)	1.33 (0.74–2.37)
Overweight vs. normal weight	—	—	—	—	1.03 (0.90–1.17)	1.02 (0.90–1.17)
Obesity vs. normal weight	—	—	—	—	0.84 (0.71–1.00)^*	0.84 (0.71–1.00)^*
Method of insulin delivery
Pump vs. injection	—	—	—	—	—	1.02 (0.91–1.15)