Table 1

Summary of people with diabetes and matched control subjects on 1 January 2008

Baseline characteristic	People with T2DM (n = 96,630)		Control subjects with T2DM (n = 191,822)		People with T1DM (n = 5,863)		Control subjects with T1DM (n = 11,696)
Baseline characteristic	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Sex
Women	43,230	44.7	86,022	44.8	2,431	41.5	4,856	41.5
Men	53,400	55.3	105,800	55.2	3,432	58.5	6,840	58.5
Age (years)
40–49	7,571	7.8	15,140	7.9	2,148	36.6	4,295	36.7
50–59	16,696	17.3	33,379	17.4	1,550	26.4	3,100	26.5
60–69	26,949	27.9	53,779	28.0	1,119	19.1	2,234	19.1
70–79	29,223	30.2	57,994	30.1	735	12.5	1,457	12.5
80–89	16,191	16.8	31,730	16.5	311	5.3	610	5.2
Time since diagnosis (years)
>0 to 5	44,989	46.6	NA	—	466	8.0	NA	—
>5 to 15	41,507	43.0	NA	—	1,495	25.5	NA	—
>15	10,134	10.5	NA	—	3,902	66.6	NA	—
Current diabetes drugs^*
Insulin	13,967	14.5	NA	—	5,863	100.0	NA	—
Sulfonylureas	31,846	33.0	NA	—	0	0.0	NA	—
Biguanides	58,216	60.3	NA	—	0	0.0	NA	—
Other	6,315	6.5	NA	—	0	0.0	NA	—
None	24,898	25.8	NA	—	0	0.0	NA	—
Other drugs^*
Statins	74,735	77.3	48,721	25.4	3,876	66.1	1,607	13.7
Oral steroids	6,205	6.4	10,540	5.5	277	4.7	460	3.9
Deprivation quintile^†
1 (least)	18,138	18.8	41,926	21.9	1,361	23.2	2,922	25.0
2	22,071	22.8	46,639	24.3	1,444	24.6	2,969	25.4
3	20,025	20.7	39,915	20.8	1,194	20.4	2,417	20.7
4	20,860	21.6	37,461	19.5	1,155	19.7	2,061	17.6
5 (most)	15,458	16.0	25,735	13.4	706	12.0	1,319	11.3
Not assigned	78	0.1	146	0.1	3	0.1	8	0.1
Smoking status
Never	35,906	37.2	85,814	44.7	2,516	42.9	5,533	47.3
Ex	47,699	49.4	71,064	37.1	2,184	37.3	3,333	28.5
Current	12,984	13.4	30,870	16.1	1,161	19.8	2,511	21.5
Unknown	41	0.1	4,074	2.1	0	—	319	2.7
BMI (kg/m²)
>10 to 20	1,535	1.6	8,964	4.7	234	4.0	505	4.3
>20 to 25	14,564	15.1	59,765	31.2	1,944	33.2	3,638	31.1
>25 to 30	34,213	35.4	70,329	36.7	2,318	39.5	3,997	34.2
>30 to 40	38,193	39.5	33,811	17.6	1,225	20.9	2,033	17.4
>40	7,553	7.8	2,554	1.3	106	1.8	213	1.8
Unknown	572	0.6	16,399	8.6	36	0.6	1,310	11.2
Chronic disease
Chronic kidney	19,161	19.8	16,606	8.7	839	14.3	441	3.8
Heart failure	5,035	5.2	4,222	2.2	161	2.8	98	0.8
Hypertension	62,216	64.4	67,156	35.0	2,423	41.3	2,346	20.1
Hypothyroidism	8,981	9.3	11,947	6.2	882	15.0	533	4.6
IHD	21,336	22.1	22,192	11.6	731	12.5	655	5.6
Peripheral vascular	5,665	5.9	4,394	2.3	374	6.4	124	1.1
Stroke and TIA	8,457	8.8	9,917	5.2	308	5.3	303	2.6

Note that patients can appear in multiple drug and disease categories, so percentages may sum to >100%. NA, not applicable.
↵*Has prescription for drug class during 2007.
↵†IMD (see research design and methods).