Table 2.4

Risk-based screening for type 2 diabetes or prediabetes in asymptomatic children and adolescents in a clinical setting

  • Testing should be considered in youth* who are overweight (≥85% percentile) or obese (≥95 percentile) A and who have one or more additional risk factors based on the strength of their association with diabetes:

  •  • Maternal history of diabetes or GDM during the child's gestation A

  •  • Family history of type 2 diabetes in first- or second-degree relative A

  •  • Race/ethnicity (Native American, African American, Latino, Asian American, Pacific Islander) A

  •  • Signs of insulin resistance or conditions associated with insulin resistance (acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, or small-for-gestational-age birth weight) B

  • ↵* After the onset of puberty or after 10 years of age, whichever occurs earlier. If tests are normal, repeat testing at a minimum of 3-year intervals, or more frequently if BMI is increasing, is recommended.