Cohort characteristics at the time of second-line ADD initiation
| All N = 276,884 | No history of CVD N = 276,884 | History of CVD N = 60,317 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years* | 59 (12) | 57 (12) | 64 (9) |
| Male† | 136,918 (49) | 99,907 (46) | 37,011 (61) |
| White† | 194,758 (70) | 149,180 (69) | 45,578 (76) |
| Black† | 32,671 (12) | 27,274 (13) | 5,397 (9) |
| Time from metformin initiation, months* | 7.5 (15.7) | 7.1 (15.2) | 9.0 (17.4) |
| Follow-up, years* | 3.7 (2.4) | 3.7 (2.5) | 3.6 (2.4) |
| Follow-up ≥12 months† | 247,223 (89) | 193,092 (89) | 54,131 (90) |
| Follow-up ≥24 months† | 191,883 (69) | 149,833 (69) | 42,050 (70) |
| Therapy duration, months* | 33 (25) | 33 (25) | 33 (24) |
| HbA1c, %* | 8.4 (1.9) | 8.5 (1.9) | 8.1 (1.7) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 68 | 69 | 65 |
| HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol)† | 102,624 (60) | 84,835 (61) | 17,789 (54) |
| Weight, kg* | 99 (25) | 100 (25) | 97 (23) |
| BMI, kg/m2* | 35 (8) | 35 (8) | 33 (7) |
| BMI <25 kg/m2† | 18,819 (7) | 13,735 (7) | 5,084 (9) |
| BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2† | 60,575 (23) | 44,963 (22) | 15,612 (27) |
| BMI ≥30 kg/m2† | 187,936 (70) | 150,067 (72) | 37,869 (65) |
| SBP, mmHg* | 131 (15) | 131 (15) | 130 (16) |
| Uncontrolled SBP†§ | 82,837 (30) | 53,168 (25) | 29,669 (50) |
| DBP, mmHg* | 77 (9) | 78 (9) | 75 (9) |
| LDL, mg/dL* | 97 (35) | 100 (35) | 87 (34) |
| Uncontrolled LDL†‖ | 71,424 (50) | 51,077 (46) | 20,347 (67) |
| HDL, mg/dL* | 43 (12) | 44 (12) | 42 (12) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL‡ | 147 (107, 197) | 148 (107, 198) | 146 (107, 195) |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL† | 54,640 (48) | 43,240 (49) | 11,400 (48) |
| Chronic kidney disease† | 9,602 (3) | 5,793 (3) | 3,809 (6) |
| Cancer† | 13,750 (5) | 9,951 (5) | 3,799 (6) |
| Depression† | 38,444 (14) | 29,996 (14) | 8,448 (14) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index* | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.4 (0.9) | 2.4 (1.4) |
| Any lipid-modifying drug† | 188,272 (68) | 137,391 (63) | 50,881 (84) |
| Statin† | 168,485 (61) | 121,287 (56) | 47,198 (78) |
| Blood pressure–lowering drug† | 224,086 (81) | 167,177 (77) | 56,909 (94) |