Characteristics of the study participants at screening
| Overall | Diluted first | Standard strength first | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 24 | 12 | 12 |
| Age (years) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 5 (3–6) | 5 (3–6) | 5 (3–6) |
| Range | 1–7 | 1–7 | 2–7 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 15 (63) | 6 (50) | 9 (75) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| White | 21 (88) | 11 (92) | 10 (83) |
| Asian | 1 (4) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Mixed | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 2 (17) |
| Diabetes duration (years) | |||
| Mean ± SD | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.9 |
| Range | 0.5–6.4 | 0.5–5.5 | 0.5–6.4 |
| Total daily insulin, mean ± SD | |||
| Units/day | 13.2 ± 4.8 | 13.2 ± 4.6 | 13.2 ± 5.2 |
| Units/kg/day | 0.65 ± 0.14 | 0.67 ± 0.15 | 0.62 ± 0.14 |
| Total basal insulin, mean ± SD | |||
| Units/day | 4.9 ± 2.3 | 4.7 ± 2.2 | 5.1 ± 2.5 |
| Units/kg/day | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.25 ± 0.09 |
| Total bolus insulin, mean ± SD | |||
| Units/day | 8.2 ± 3.4 | 8.4 ± 3.4 | 8.1 ± 3.5 |
| Units/kg/day | 0.41 ± 0.13 | 0.43 ± 0.15 | 0.38 ± 0.11 |
| Basal-to-bolus ratio, mean ± SD | 0.66 ± 0.28 | 0.62 ± 0.24 | 0.70 ± 0.32 |
| BMI* percentile, median (IQR)† | 73 (4–91) | 61 (49–75) | 83 (31–91) |
| HbA1c, mean ± SD | |||
| % | 7.4 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 0.7 | 7.1 ± 0.6 |
| Millimoles per mole of nonglycated hemoglobin | 57 ± 8 | 61 ± 8 | 54 ± 6 |
↵*BMI calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.
↵†BMI z score adjusted for age and sex based on 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts; excludes one subject <2 years of age who received diluted insulin first. For this subject, BMI percentile could not be calculated.