Table 2

Long-term wHbA_1c calculated for different time periods, i.e., ≤5 years after onset, >5 years after onset, and also before, during, and after puberty

	Subgroup evaluated for incidence of simplex retinopathy				All patients evaluated for incidence of proliferative retinopathy
	All	Female	Male	P^*	All	Female	Male	P^*
wHbA_1c after ≤5 years’ duration	61 (15) [7.7 (1.4)], 265	64 (17) [8.0 (1.6)], 107	59 (14) [7.5 (1.3)], (158)	0.05	61 (16) [7.7 (1.5)], 427	63 (16) [7.9 (1.5)], 185	60 (15) [7.6 (1.4)], 242	0.08
wHbA_1c after >5 years’ duration	71 (16) [8.6 (1.5)]	75 (17) [9.0 (1.6)]	68 (14) [8.4 (1.3)]	0.01	68 (13) [8.4 (1.2)]	70 (14) [8.6 (1.3)]	67 (12) [8.3 (1.1)]	0.04
P^†	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
wHbA_1c before puberty	60 (14) [7.6 (1.3)], 87^‡	60 (13) [7.6 (1.2)], 34^‡	61 (14) [7.7 (1.3)], 53^‡	0.88	60 (13) [7.6 (1.2)], 143^§	60 (11) [7.6 (1.0)], 56^§	60 (14) [7.6 (1.3)], 87^§	0.93
wHbA_1c during puberty	70 (14) [8.6 (1.3)]^‖	70 (11) [8.6 (1.0)]^¶	69 (16) [8.5 (1.5)]	0.86	71 (14) [8.6 (1.3)]	72 (12) [8.7 (1.1)]	70 (15) [8.6 (1.4)]	0.50
wHbA_1c after puberty	73 (16) [8.8 (1.5)]	79 (16) [9.4 (1.5)]	70 (15) [8.6 (1.4)]	0.01	71 (14) [8.6 (1.3)]	74 (11) [89 (1.0)]	68 (14) [8.4 (1.3)]	<0.01
P^#	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

Mean (SD) wHbA_1c data expressed as mmol/mol [%], number of individuals.
↵*P value for the difference between female and male, t test;
↵†P value for the difference between wHbA_1c ≤5 years’ duration and >5 years’ duration, paired t test;
↵‡P < 0.001 compared with during and after puberty, GLM;
↵§P < 0.001 compared with during and after puberty, GLM;
↵‖P = 0.033 compared with after puberty;
↵¶P = 0.01 compared with after puberty, GLM;
↵#P value for the difference between wHbA_1c before, during, and after puberty, GLM.