Evolution of the main pulmonary function parameters according the response to the intensification of the antidiabetic treatment
| Baseline | 3 months | Mean difference (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire population | (n = 60) | (n = 60) | ||
| FVC (% predicted) | 77.8 ± 11.3 | 80.8 ± 13.0 | 3.0 (0.3–5.6) | 0.025 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 76.5 ± 13.8 | 79.5 ± 13.4 | 3.0 (0.5–5.5) | 0.017 |
| PEF (% predicted) | 80.1 ± 21.9 | 86.4 ± 19.3 | 6.0 (1.8–10.2) | 0.006 |
| FEF25–75 (% predicted) | 65.8 ± 25.2 | 66.5 ± 21.8 | −0.7 (−4.3 to 5.7) | 0.779 |
| FEV1/FVC (% predicted) | 85.3 ± 14.0 | 85.8 ± 12.4 | 0.5 (−2.5 to 3.6) | 0.728 |
| Nonobstructive defect | 34 (56.6) | 24 (40.0) | 0.007 | |
| Abnormal FEV1 | 31 (51.6) | 27 (40.0) | <0.001 | |
| Obstructive defect | 4 (6.6) | 4 (6.6) | 1.000 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.8 ± 1.2 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | −1.1 (−1.4 to −0.7) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 67.9 ± 13.7 | 55.9 ± 15.4 | −12.0 (−16.4 to −7.6) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.4 ± 6.1 | 32.2 ± 6.1 | −0.1 (−0.4 to 0.1) | 0.249 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 112.0 ± 14.2 | 112.1 ± 14.1 | 0.1 (−1.0 to 1.1) | 0.880 |
| Bonora equation (cm2) | 253.2 ± 85.8 | 252.6 ± 85.4 | −0.5 (−1.6 to 1.0) | 0.273 |
| CUN-BAE (%) | 36.3 ± 9.0 | 36.4 ± 9.0 | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | 0.275 |
| Good responders | (n = 35) | (n = 35) | ||
| FVC (% predicted) | 78.5 ± 12.6 | 83.3 ± 14.7 | 4.7 (0.5–8.9) | 0.029 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 75.6 ± 15.3 | 80.9 ± 15.4 | 5.2 (1.3–9.1) | 0.010 |
| PEF (% predicted) | 80.4 ± 21.6 | 89.2 ± 21.0 | 8.8 (2.6–15.0) | 0.007 |
| FEF25–75 (% predicted) | 62.0 ± 27.2 | 63.6 ± 23.3 | 1.6 (−6.2 to 9.5) | 0.676 |
| FEV1/FVC (% predicted) | 88.3 ± 16.6 | 89.4 ± 14.4 | 1.1 (−4.1 to 6.3) | 0.668 |
| Nonobstructive defect | 20 (57.1) | 10 (28.5) | 0.022 | |
| Abnormal FEV1 | 18 (51.4) | 14 (40.0) | <0.001 | |
| Obstructive defect | 2 (5.7) | 3 (8.5) | 0.166 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.1 ± 1.2 | 7.1 ± 0.7 | −2.0 (−2.4 to −1.6) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 71.1 ± 14.0 | 48.3 ± 8.0 | −22.7 (−26.9 to −18.5) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.3 ± 6.4 | 31.9 ± 6.3 | −0.4 (−0.8 to 0.0) | 0.103 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 112.1 ± 14.6 | 112.0 ± 14.5 | −0.1 (−1.6 to 1.5) | 0.941 |
| Bonora equation (cm2) | 254.3 ± 89.0 | 253.8 ± 88.5 | −0.5 (−2.0 to 1.0) | 0.502 |
| CUN-BAE (%) | 36.2 ± 9.6 | 35.8 ± 9.5 | −0.4 (−0.9 to 0.1) | 0.126 |
| Nonresponders | (n = 25) | (n = 25) | ||
| FVC (% predicted) | 76.9 ± 9.3 | 77.4 ± 9.3 | 0.5 (−1.5 to 2.6) | 0.586 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 77.6 ± 11.6 | 77.6 ± 9.8 | 0.0 (−2.2 to 2.1) | 0.978 |
| PEF (% predicted) | 80.5 ± 22.5 | 82.5 ± 16.4 | 2.0 (−3.0 to 7.1) | 0.413 |
| FEF25–75 (% predicted) | 71.3 ± 21.3 | 70.7 ± 19.3 | −0.6 (−5.9 to 4.6) | 0.800 |
| FEV1/FVC (% predicted) | 81.2 ± 8.0 | 80.9 ± 6.5 | −0.2 (−2.4 to 1.9) | 0.818 |
| Nonobstructive defect | 14 (56.0) | 14 (56.0) | 1.000 | |
| Abnormal FEV1 | 13 (52.0) | 13 (52.0) | 1.000 | |
| Obstructive defect | 2 (8.0) | 1 (4.0) | 0.763 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.4 ± 1.1 | 8.6 ± 1.5 | 0.2 (−0.1 to 0.3) | 0.159 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 63.4 ± 12.4 | 66.5 ± 17.0 | 3.0 (−0.9 to 7.0) | 0.159 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5 ± 5.8 | 32.6 ± 5.9 | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.4) | 0.398 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 111.9 ± 13.9 | 112.2 ± 13.8 | 0.2 (−1.3 to 1.8) | 0.718 |
| Bonora equation (cm2) | 251.6 ± 82.9 | 250.9 ± 82.7 | −0.6 (−1.9 to 0.6) | 0.327 |
| CUN-BAE (%) | 37.2 ± 8.3 | 37.3 ± 8.2 | 0.1 (−0.18 to 0.4) | 0.412 |
Data are mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated.