Glycemia improves after GOP, RYGB, and VLCD interventions
| Primary comparison (GOP vs. Saline) | Secondary comparisons (GOP vs. RYGB, GOP vs. VLCD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GOP | Saline | RYGB | VLCD | |
| Fructosamine (μmol/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 304.6 | 278.1 | 250.3 | 252.4 |
| Week 4 | 260.5 | 266.4 | 216.4 | 223.9 |
| ∆Week 4 | −44.1 (−62.7, −25.5) | −11.7 (−18.9, −4.5) | −34.0 (−45.6, −22.4) | −28.5 (−40.4, −16.7) |
| ∆Week 4 vs. GOP | 32.4 (12.9, 51.9)** | 10.2 (−9.8, 30.2) | 15.6 (−6.6, 35.8) | |
| Fructosamine (μmol/L)a | ||||
| ∆Week 4 | −44.1 (−57.2, −31.1) | −11.7 (−15.6, −7.9) | N/A | N/A |
| ∆Week 4 vs. GOP | 33.2 (19.0, 45.8)*** | N/A | N/A | |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 9.9 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 7.9 |
| Week 4 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 5.9 |
| ∆Week 4 | −4.1 (−6.3, −1.9) | −1.0 (−1.7, −0.3) | −2.5 (−3.3, −1.7) | −2.0 (−3.0, −1.0) |
| ∆Week 4 vs. GOP | 3.1 (0.8, 5.3)* | 1.6 (0.7, 3.9) | 2.0 (−0.3, 4.5) | |
| Fasting insulin (mIU/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 16.3 | 14.4 | 19.7 | 18.0 |
| Week 4 | 18.2 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 10.1 |
| ∆Week 4 | 1.9 (−0.8, 4.6) | −2.4 (−5.2, 0.4) | −7.4 (−10.4, −4.3) | −7.9 (−11.2, −4.6) |
| ∆Week 4 vs. GOP | −4.8 (−8.0, −0.5)* | −9.2 (−13.4, −5.1) | −9.8 (−14.3, −5.3) | |
| Mean glucose from CGM (mmol/L) | ||||
| Baseline | 10.4 | 7.4 | 8.5 | N/A |
| Week 4 | 6.9 | 71 | 6.0 | N/A |
| ∆Week 4 | −3.6 (−5.2, −1.9) | −0.4 (−1.4, 0.7) | −2.5 (−3.6, −1.4) | N/A |
| ∆Week 4 vs. GOP | 3.2 (1.1, 5.3)** | 1.1 (−0.9, 3.0) | N/A | |
| MAG | ||||
| Baseline | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | N/A |
| Week 4 | 1.55 | 1.6 | 1.6 | N/A |
| ∆Week 4 | −0.75 (−1.08, −0.41) | −0.1 (−0.5, 0.2) | −0.1 (−0.5, 0.3) | N/A |
| ∆Week 4 vs. GOP | 0.6 (0.2, 1.1)* | 0.6 (0.1, 1.1) | N/A | |
Data are displayed as means (95% CI) for comparisons against baseline and for comparison of treatment effects between groups. N/A, not applicable; ΔWeek 4, treatment effect between baseline and week 4; ΔWeek 4 vs. GOP, difference in treatment effect compared with GOP arm.
↵aAdditional results based on sensitivity analysis (unpaired t test) of fitted values derived from ANCOVA model, adjusting for baseline fructosamine levels and any potential interaction between baseline and treatment effect.
↵*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 for primary comparison of treatment effect (unpaired t test) between GOP and Saline arms.